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Conteúdo da Matéria 

Presente Perfect

 

Usamos o Presente Perfect para indicar ações que ocorreram no passado e perduram até o presente, ações de um passado indeterminado e ações recentemente concluídas.

·        We have studied japanese since we were 3 years old. (Nós estudamos japonês desde os 3 anos.)

·        I have lived in Austrália for 12 years.(Eu morei na Austrália por 12 anos.)

·        You have done good things lately.(Você tem feito coisas boas nos últimos dias.)

Situações em que usamos:

a) Ações iniciadas que ocorreram em um tempo passado sendo que suas conseqüências perduram até o tempo presente. Neste caso, o Present Perfect é geralmente utilizado com: since, for, lately, recently, up to now, so far, etc.

Exemplo:

You have studied hard lately.(Você tem estudado arduamente nos ultimos dias.)

 

b) Este tempo verbal pode indicar também ações passadas em um tempo desconhecido, indeterminado. Neste caso, faz-se o uso de advérbios, como: already, always, never, yet, etc.

Exemplo:

John has already visited New York. (John já visitou Nova York.)

 

c) Em ações recentemente concluídas o Present Perfect deve ser usado com a palavra just.

Exemplo:

She has just arrived. (Ela acabou de chegar.)

 

Outros Exemplos:

They have studied for three years in Unicamp. (Eles estudaram por três anos na Unicamp.)

She has danced since she is seven years old. (Ela dança desde os sete anos de idade.)

O Present Perfect é um tempo composto por dois verbos: um auxiliar e outro principal. Oauxiliar é o verbo to have(no presente simples), ou seja: have (para: I, you, we, they) ou has (para: he, she, it). O verbo principal sempre deve estar no particípio (Past participle*).

*Terceira coluna da lista de verbos irregulares dos dicionários.

 

A estrutura sintática das sentenças segue o modelo:

Sujeito + Verbo auxiliar HAVE conjugado no presente + Verbo principal no particípio (Past Participle) + Complemento

 

Frases na AFIRMATIVA:

We have studied japanese since we were 3 years old. (to study = estudar => Past participle = studied)

I have lived in Austrália for 12 years. (to live = morar => Past Participle = lived )

You have done good things lately. (to do = fazer => Past Particple = done -> IRREGULAR VERB)

John has already visited New York. (have = ter => Simple Present na 3ª pessoa do singular =HAS / to visit = visitar => Past Participle = visited)

 

Frases na NEGATIVA:

Nas afirmações negativas acrescentamos um NOT após o HAVE. Também podemos usar a forma contraída HAVEN’T ou HASN’T.

We havenN’T studied japanese since we were 3 years old. (Nós não estudamos japonês desde os 3 anos.)

I haveN’T lived in Austrália for 12 years. (Nós não moramos na Austráliapor 12 anos.)

You haveN’T done good things lately. (Você não tem feito coisas boas ultimamente)

John hasN’T visited New York yet. (John não visitou Nova York ainda.)

Frases na INTERROGATIVA:

Em frases interrogativas o verbo auxiliar SEMPRE virá na frente do sujeito (pessoa):

Have we studied japanese since we were 3 years old? (Nós estudamos japonês desde os 3 anos?)

YES,  WE HAVE /  NO, WE HAVEN’T

Have I lived in Austrália for 12 years? (Nós moramos na Austráliapor 12 anos?)

YES, I HAVE / NO, I HAVEN’T

Have you done good things lately? (Você tem feito coisas boas ultimamente?)

YES, YOU HAVE / NO, YOU HAVEN’T

Has John already visited New York? (John já visitou Nova York?)

YES, HE HAS / NO, HE HASN’T  

Exercícios Present Perfect

 

Answer the following questions using “never” as shown in the example.

Example: Has she ever smoked?

                She has never smoked.

 

  1. Have you ever given a gift to her?

 

 

  1. Has Jane ever seen the president?

 

 

  1. Has she never worked in London?

 

 

  1. Has that man ever been abroad?

 

 

  1. Have you ever had any problems at college?

 

 

Complete the sentences using the Present Perfect tense of the verb in parenthesis.

 

  1. I ____________________________ for three hours this morning. (exercise)
  2. He __________________________ the cake. (ruin)
  3. She _____________________________ her promise to her sister. (keep)
  4. They ______________________________ the business meeting. (interrupt)
  5. We ________________________________ to music all morning. (listen)
  6. I ___________________________________ a new business downtown. (open)
  7. He ________________________________ a Christmas party for my office. (organize)

 

Change to interrogative sentences.

 

  1. I have not kept my part of the deal.

 

 

  1. They have gone to the beach.

 

 

  1. She has kicked the ball.

 

 

  1. She has done her exercise.

 

 

  

Conteúdo da Matéria

Simple Past

 

Os verbos REGULARES do SIMPLE PAST são constituídos da partícula ED no final, e para isso é necessário seguir algumas regras:

  • Verbos já terminados em E apenas ganham o D, exemplo: to dance= danceD;
  • Verbos terminados em consoante + y perdem o y e ganham o IED, exemplo: to study = studIED;
  • Verbos terminados em vogal + y apenas ganham o ED, exemplo: to play = playED;
  • Verbos terminados em vogal + consoante dobram a última consoante e ganham ED, exemplo: to stop = stoPPED

 

Os verbos IRREGULARES são encontrados nas listas dos dicionários. Exemplos: to eat = ate, to sleep = slept, to see = saw.

 

ESTRUTURA GRAMATICAL – POSITIVE AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCE

 

I danced this song last year. (verb = to dance, past = danced => regular)

You slept during all the film. (verb = to sleep, simple past = slept=>irregular)

He walked alone to his house. (verb = to walk, simple past = walked=>regular)

She wanted to buy new clothes. (verb = to want, simple past = wanted = > regular)

It rang in the morning. (verb = to ring, simple past = rang =>irregular)

We talked about our goals. (verb = to talk, simple past = talked =>regular)

You faced your fears. (verb = to face, simple past = faced =>regular)

They complained to the superintendent. (verb = to complain, simple past = complained = >regular).

 

ESTRUTURA GRAMATICAL – NEGATIVE AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCE

 

I DIDN’T dance this song last year.

You DIDN’T sleep during all the film.

He DIDN’T walk alone to his house.

She DIDN’T want to buy new clothes.

It DIDN’T ring in the mornig.

We DIDN’T talk about our goals.

You DIDN’T face your fears.

They DIDN’T complain to the superintendent.

 

Sentenças negativas são usadas o DIDN’T (did + not) antes do verbo. O verbo sai da sua forma do simple past pois o DID já indica passado.

 

ESTRUTURA GRAMATICAL – POSITIVE INTERROGATIVE SENTENCE

 

DID you dance this song last year?

YES, I did / NO, I didn’t.

DID you sleep during all the film?

YES, I did / NO, I didn’t.

 

DID she want to buy new clothes?

YES, she did / NO, she didn’t.

 

DID he walk alone to his house?

YES, he did / NO, he didn’t.

 

DID it ring in the morning?

YES, it did / NO, it didn’t.

 

DID we talk about our goals?

YES, we did / NO, we didn’t.

 

DID they complain to the superintendent?

YES, they did / NO, they didn’t.

 

ATENÇÃO NAS SENTENÇAS INTERROGATIVAS!!! O verbo auxiliar “DID” SEMPRE estará em primeiro lugar quando for sentenças interrogativas, e em seguida vem o sujeito e verbo.

 

DID (1º) + YOU(2º) + LIKE(3º) CHOCOLATE?

 

 

ESTRUTURA GRAMATICAL – NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE SENTENCE

 

DIDN’T you dance this song last year?

YES, I did / NO, I didn’t.

DIDN’T you sleep during all the film?

YES, I did / NO, I didn’t.

 

DIDN’T she want to buy new clothes?

YES, she did / NO, she didn’t.

 

DIDN’T he walk alone to his house?

YES, he did / NO, he didn’t.

 

DIDN’T it ring in the morning?

YES, it did / NO, it didn’t.

 

DIDN’

Exercicios Simple Past

 

  Complete the sentences:

 

 

  1. If you went to_____________________________________________________
  2. Where was_______________________________________________________
  3. When did________________________________________________________
  4. They were_______________________________________________________
  5. I usually read____________________________________________________
  6. Did she__________________________________________________________

 

Organize the sentences:

 

7. sure played the at I’m concert.

 

 

8. pushed he wrong button the think I.

 

 

  1. went restaurant family You your with a.

 

 

  1. party met friends at She the many.

 

 

  1. gifts trip She many bought the during.

 

 

  1. themselves morning They this cut.

 

 

  1. were restaurant the You of the waiter.

 

 

  1. passport The my inspected officer.

 

 

  1. saw the us They meeting in.

 

 

  1. make dentist see to Did an you the appointment?

 

 

 

 

What’s the answer?

 

17. Did she eat all those plants last night ?

a)     Yes, she eat all those plants last night

b)     B) Yes, she eats all those plants last night

c)     Yes, she eated all those plants last night

d)     Yes, she eaten all those plants last night

e)     Yes, she ate all those plants last night

18. Fill in the blanks with the correct alternative:

Where _____ they _____?

a)     Go – Did

b)     Do – Did

c)     Did – Did

d)     Did – Went

e)     Did – Go

19. The negative sentence of “He sold his car last week” is?

a)     He didn’t sell his car last week

b)     He doesn’t sell his car last week

c)     He doesn’t sells his car last week

d)     He doesn’t sold his car last week

e)     He didn’t sold his car last week